Door access control is the process of restricting or providing access to a building or a room based on the authorization given to an individual. A door access control system comprises a variety of components, including electromagnetic locks, keypads, card readers, and door controllers. All of these components need to be installed and properly wired to work seamlessly. This article will guide you through the process of wiring a door access control system.
The Basic Door Access Control Wiring Diagram
A door access control system is wired in a specific manner, and the wiring diagram is essential to ensure that all components work together in harmony. The basic wiring diagram comprises the following components:
| Component | Function | Wiring |
|---|---|---|
| Power supply | To provide power to the system | Connect positive and negative wires to the terminals on the power supply |
| Door controller | To control the operation of the door | Connect to the power supply and the input/output devices |
| Input devices | To send signals to the door controller | Connect to the door controller |
| Output devices | To receive signals from the door controller | Connect to the door controller |
Let’s take a closer look at each of these components.
Power Supply
The power supply is the heart of the door access control system. It provides the system with the required voltage to operate. The power supply should be chosen based on the number of devices to be powered and their voltage requirements. The power supply should have enough capacity to power all the devices in the system.
Most power supplies have two terminals: positive (+) and negative (-). The positive terminal should be connected to the red wire of the system, and the negative terminal should be connected to the black wire.
Door Controller
The door controller is the brain of the door access control system. It controls the operation of the door based on the inputs received from the input devices. The door controller should be installed in a secure location and connected to the power supply and the input/output devices.
Most door controllers have a set of terminals for connecting the input and output devices. The wiring diagram of the door controller should be followed while connecting the devices.
Input Devices
The input devices are used to send signals to the door controller to initiate an action. The input devices may be keypads, card readers, biometric readers, or any other device that can send a signal to the door controller.
The wiring of the input devices varies based on the device type and the door controller used. However, most input devices have two wires: positive (+) and negative (-). The positive wire should be connected to the input terminal of the door controller, and the negative wire should be connected to the common terminal.
Output Devices
The output devices are used to receive signals from the door controller to initiate an action. The output devices may be electromagnetic locks, electric strikes, or any other device that can receive a signal from the door controller.
The wiring of the output devices varies based on the device type and the door controller used. However, most output devices have two wires: positive (+) and negative (-). The positive wire should be connected to the output terminal of the door controller, and the negative wire should be connected to the common terminal.
FAQs
1. Can a door access control system be installed in an existing door?
Yes, a door access control system can be installed in an existing door. However, the installation process may vary based on the door type, materials used, and the wiring required.
2. What is the maximum distance between the input/output devices and the door controller?
The maximum distance between the input/output devices and the door controller varies based on the wiring used and the devices’ power requirements. In general, the maximum distance should not exceed 100m.
3. Can different types of input/output devices be used in a door access control system?
Yes, different types of input/output devices can be used in a door access control system. However, the wiring may vary based on the device type and the door controller used.
4. What is the ideal location to install the door controller?
The door controller should be installed in a secure location that is not easily accessible to unauthorized individuals. The location should also be easily accessible for maintenance purposes.
5. Can a door access control system be integrated with other security systems?
Yes, a door access control system can be integrated with other security systems, such as CCTV, alarm systems, and intercom systems. However, the integration process may vary based on the system type and the compatibility of the devices.
Conclusion
Wiring a door access control system may seem daunting, but it is an essential part of the installation process. Following the wiring diagram and the instructions provided by the manufacturer can make the process easier and ensure that all the components work seamlessly. By following the guidelines provided in this article, you can wire a door access control system like a pro and secure your building or room to the fullest extent.
