A throttle position sensor (TPS) is an essential component in a vehicle’s electronic fuel injection system. It measures the angle of the throttle plate and sends that information to the engine control unit (ECU), which then adjusts the amount of fuel and air mixture going into the engine. This article will focus on the wiring diagram for a three-wire TPS.
What is a throttle position sensor?
A throttle position sensor is a sensor that measures the position of the throttle plate in a vehicle’s throttle body. The position of the throttle plate is used by the engine control unit (ECU) to determine how much fuel and air to send to the engine. A TPS is typically mounted on the throttle body and provides a voltage signal to the ECU based on the throttle position.
There are three types of TPS – three-wire, two-wire, and one-wire. A three-wire TPS is the most common type found in modern vehicles.
What are the three wires on a throttle position sensor?
A three-wire TPS has three wires – signal, ground, and 5V reference. The signal wire carries the voltage signal from the TPS to the ECU. The ground wire provides a ground connection for the TPS. The 5V reference wire provides a reference voltage to the TPS.
Throttle Position Sensor Wiring Diagram
The following diagram shows the wiring for a three-wire TPS:
| Wire Color | Function |
|---|---|
| Yellow | Signal |
| Black | Ground |
| Green | 5V Reference |
The yellow wire connects to the signal input on the ECU. The black wire connects to a ground point on the vehicle. The green wire connects to a 5V power source on the vehicle.
FAQ
What happens if the throttle position sensor fails?
If the throttle position sensor fails, the engine control unit may not be able to accurately determine the position of the throttle plate. This can result in poor engine performance, reduced fuel efficiency, and even engine stalling.
Can a faulty throttle position sensor cause the check engine light to come on?
Yes, a faulty throttle position sensor can cause the check engine light to come on. The engine control unit may detect an abnormal signal from the TPS and set a fault code.
How do I diagnose a faulty throttle position sensor?
To diagnose a faulty TPS, you can use a multimeter to check the voltage signal coming from the sensor. With the ignition on and the engine off, backprobe the yellow wire with the multimeter and slowly open and close the throttle. The voltage signal should increase smoothly and without interruption. If the signal is erratic or does not increase smoothly, the TPS may be faulty.
Can I replace a throttle position sensor myself?
Replacing a throttle position sensor is a relatively simple process that can be done by most DIY mechanics. However, it is important to consult the vehicle’s service manual or a qualified technician for specific instructions on how to remove and install the TPS.
How much does it cost to replace a throttle position sensor?
The cost of replacing a throttle position sensor can vary depending on the make and model of the vehicle, as well as the location of the sensor. On average, the cost of a replacement TPS can range from $50 to $200. Labor costs for installation can also vary depending on the shop and location.
In conclusion, a three-wire throttle position sensor is a crucial component in a vehicle’s fuel injection system. Knowing how to properly wire and diagnose the sensor can help prevent engine performance issues and increase fuel efficiency. If you suspect that your TPS may be faulty, it is important to have it diagnosed and replaced by a qualified technician to ensure safe and reliable vehicle operation.
