1 phase AC motors are widely used in various applications due to their simple design and cost-effectiveness. These motors can be found in various machines such as pumps, compressors, and fans. However, proper wiring of the motor is crucial for its efficient operation. In this article, we will discuss the wiring diagram of 1 phase AC motors in detail.
What is a 1 Phase AC Motor?
A 1 phase AC motor is an electric motor that operates on a single-phase power supply. It consists of a rotor and a stator, where the stator is a stationary part with windings and the rotor rotates due to the magnetic field created by the stator. The 1 phase AC motor is mainly used in low-power applications and has limited starting torque compared to 3 phase AC motors.
Types of 1 Phase AC Motors
There are two types of 1 phase AC motors:
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Split-phase motor | This type of motor has a start winding and a run winding. The start winding is used to create a rotating magnetic field to start the motor, and the run winding provides a continuous magnetic field to keep the motor running. |
| Capacitor-start motor | This type of motor has a start winding, a run winding, and a capacitor. The capacitor is used to create a phase shift between the windings, which creates a rotating magnetic field to start the motor. Once the motor starts, the capacitor is disconnected, and the motor runs on the run winding. |
Wiring Diagram of 1 Phase AC Motors
The wiring diagram of a 1 phase AC motor varies depending on the type of motor. In this section, we will discuss the wiring diagrams of both split-phase and capacitor-start motors.
Wiring Diagram of Split-Phase Motor
The wiring diagram of a split-phase motor is shown below:
As shown in the diagram, the split-phase motor has two windings – the start winding and the run winding. The start winding is connected to the power supply through a start switch, which is usually a centrifugal switch mounted on the motor shaft. When the motor is not running, the start switch is closed, and the start winding is connected to the power supply. This creates a rotating magnetic field, which starts the motor. Once the motor starts rotating, the centrifugal force opens the start switch, disconnecting the start winding from the power supply.
The run winding is connected directly to the power supply and provides a continuous magnetic field to keep the motor running. The speed of the motor can be controlled by changing the voltage supplied to the motor.
Wiring Diagram of Capacitor-Start Motor
The wiring diagram of a capacitor-start motor is shown below:
The capacitor-start motor has a start winding, a run winding, and a capacitor. The start winding is connected to the power supply through a start switch, which is usually a centrifugal switch mounted on the motor shaft. When the motor is not running, the start switch is closed, and the start winding and the capacitor are connected to the power supply.
The capacitor creates a phase shift between the start winding and the run winding, which creates a rotating magnetic field and starts the motor. Once the motor starts rotating, the centrifugal force opens the start switch, disconnecting the start winding and the capacitor from the power supply. The motor runs on the run winding only.
FAQ
What is the difference between a 1 phase AC motor and a 3 phase AC motor?
The main difference between a 1 phase AC motor and a 3 phase AC motor is the number of phases in the power supply. A 1 phase AC motor operates on a single-phase power supply, while a 3 phase AC motor operates on a three-phase power supply. 3 phase AC motors have higher starting torque and are more efficient than 1 phase AC motors.
What is the purpose of a capacitor in a capacitor-start motor?
The purpose of a capacitor in a capacitor-start motor is to create a phase shift between the start winding and the run winding, which creates a rotating magnetic field and starts the motor. Once the motor starts rotating, the capacitor is disconnected, and the motor runs on the run winding only.
How can I control the speed of a 1 phase AC motor?
The speed of a 1 phase AC motor can be controlled by changing the voltage supplied to the motor. The speed can be increased by increasing the voltage and decreased by decreasing the voltage. However, the speed control range is limited compared to 3 phase AC motors.
